Quick Facts

• Location: Southernmost prefecture of Japan, stretching between Kyushu and Taiwan.
• Best seasons: April–May and October–November for mild weather; June–September is hotter and humid.
• Main island groups: Okinawa (main island), Kerama, Miyako, Yaeyama and Daito.
• Language: Standard Japanese; local languages include Okinawan (Uchināguchi) and Yaeyaman dialects.
• Currency: Japanese yen; cash is still widely used.
• Time zone: Japan Standard Time (UTC +9), no daylight saving.
• How long to stay: At least 5–7 days to explore the main island and one outer island.

History

Okinawa’s story begins long before it became part of Japan. For centuries it was the heart of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, a maritime power that traded with China, Korea, Southeast Asia and Japan. The kingdom developed its own language, culture and art forms and ruled a network of castles known as gusuku. In 1609 Satsuma Domain invaded, and by 1879 the kingdom was formally annexed by Japan.

World War II brought devastation; the 1945 Battle of Okinawa was one of the war’s bloodiest, resulting in massive civilian casualties and the destruction of many cultural sites. After the war the islands were placed under U.S. administration until 1972, when they were returned to Japan. Today Okinawa remains culturally distinct, balancing its Ryūkyū heritage with Japanese governance and the presence of U.S. military bases.

Geography & Islands

Okinawa Prefecture spans more than 1,000 km from east to west and consists of over 150 islands. The islands are divided into several groups:

Okinawa Islands

The most populous region includes Okinawa’s main island (home to the capital Naha) and nearby islets like Ie Shima. Here you’ll find urban centres, castles such as Shuri and Nakagusuku, and beaches from Cape Manzamo to Kouri Island.

Kerama Islands

A quick ferry ride from Naha transports you to a cluster of idyllic islands—including Tokashiki, Zamami and Aka—famous for crystalline waters and sea turtle encounters.

Miyako Islands

This group lies roughly 300 km southwest of the main island. Miyako‑jima is known for powdery beaches (Yonaha Maehama, Sunayama) and long bridges connecting to Ikema and Kurima.

Yaeyama Islands

Farther south, the Yaeyama group encompasses Ishigaki (gateway to Kabira Bay and manta rays), Iriomote (dense jungle, waterfalls) and remote Yonaguni, Japan’s westernmost point.

Each island has its own rhythms and highlights; plan your route according to interests—diving, hiking, culture or simple relaxation.

Culture & Traditions

Okinawan culture blends indigenous Ryūkyū influences with Japanese and Chinese elements. The Okinawan language family is distinct from standard Japanese, and many residents still speak local dialects.

• Music & dance: Traditional songs feature the three‑stringed sanshin lute and are accompanied by eisa drum dances, often performed during the summer Obon festival.
• Crafts: Colourful bingata textiles, hand‑thrown Tsuboya pottery and lacquerware showcase centuries‑old techniques.
• Cuisine: Local dishes include Okinawa soba (thick wheat noodles in pork broth), gōya champurū (bitter melon stir‑fry), rafute (slow‑braised pork belly) and purple sweet‑potato treats. The distilled spirit Awamori is Okinawa’s drink of choice.
• Spirituality: Ancestor worship and sacred groves (utaki) play an important role; many rituals honour the sea and nature.

Attractions & Experiences

Whether you’re a history buff, beach lover or adventurer, Okinawa offers endless discovery:

Historical sites

Explore the restored halls of Shuri Castle (rebuilt after a devastating fire) and the UNESCO‑listed ruins of Nakagusuku and Katsuren. Visit the Peace Memorial Park in Itoman to reflect on the Battle of Okinawa.

Natural wonders

Swim alongside whale sharks at Churaumi Aquarium, snorkel coral gardens around the Kerama and Yaeyama islands or hike through the primeval forest of Yanbaru National Park. For a bird’s‑eye view, walk across the Kouri Bridge or admire the rocky arch of Cape Manzamo.

Cultural experiences

Stroll through vibrant markets like Naha’s Makishi Public Market to sample tropical fruit and local crafts. Join a pottery workshop in the Tsuboya district or watch an eisa performance at a summer festival.

Travel Tips

• Plan for typhoon season: Tropical storms occur July–September; purchase travel insurance and monitor forecasts.
• Getting around: Rent a car for flexibility on the main island (bring an International Driving Permit), or take ferries and local flights to outer islands.
• Pack reef‑safe sunscreen: Protect sensitive coral ecosystems by using mineral‑based sunscreen.
• Respect local culture: Cover shoulders when visiting sacred sites, remove shoes in homes and some restaurants, and be mindful around U.S. bases.
• Stay connected: Order a Japanese SIM or rent pocket Wi‑Fi before arrival; an eSIM can also be convenient for short stays (see options).
• Cash & cards: Credit cards are accepted at hotels and large restaurants, but small shops often accept cash only.

FAQs

Is Okinawa different from mainland Japan?

Yes. Okinawa has its own languages, cuisine and cultural traditions shaped by the Ryūkyū Kingdom and its trade links. While it is a Japanese prefecture, the islands feel distinct in everything from architecture to attitudes.

Do I need a visa to visit Okinawa?

Okinawa follows Japanese immigration rules. Citizens of many countries (including the EU, UK, US and Australia) can enter visa‑free for up to 90 days. Check current requirements before you travel.

Which island should I visit first?

Most travellers begin on Okinawa’s main island for easy access to Naha Airport and major sites. From there, choose an outer island based on your interests—Kerama for snorkelling, Miyako for beaches, or Iriomote for jungle adventures.

How many days do I need?

Spend at least three days on the main island and add two to four days for each outer island you plan to visit. This allows time to explore without rushing.

Can I visit the U.S. military bases?

Most bases are off‑limits to visitors, though occasional open days and air shows are announced locally. Respect base boundaries and follow posted rules.